An amount set aside to provide for outstanding claims, both reported and unreported.

That portion of a fund's earnings or permanent capital designated by the board of directors as a reserve against possible loan losses and, as such, unavailable for lending purposes. Generally accepted accounting principles governing for-profit and regulated financial institutions require that loan loss expense be deducted as an annual expense on an accrual basis and that the loan loss reserve be shown as a contra asset reducing loan assets. To date, no accounting convention has been established to govern loan loss reserve accounting for unregulated nonprofit institutions. The technical treatment is to establish the reserve through periodic charges against earnings, and actual losses, when and if incurred, and are charged against the reserve. For balance sheet purposes a loan loss reserve (should) be shown as a deduction from the loan portfolio to suggest that its true economic value should be reduced by the estimated loss exposure.

Funds set aside for the payment of losses which have been incurred, but are not yet due.

An estimated liability in an insurer's financial statement, indicating the amount the insurer expects to pay for losses that have taken place but which have not yet been paid.

A term used in statutory accounting for the liability for unpaid losses. National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) An association of the Insurance Commissioners of various states in the United States.

The company's best estimate of what it will pay for claims, which is periodically readjusted. They represent a liability on the insurer's balance sheet