include the following: ashi-kake or ashi-barai - tripping or sweeping an opponent off their feet. kosei-o-gaisuru-koi - an illegal act or move. jyogai - placing the entire foot outside the shiai-jo and over the marked line. oshidashi or tsukidashi - unfairly pushing or shoving an opponent out of bounds. shinai hanashi - dropping a shinai.