Casehardening refers to a condition of stress and set in dry wood in which the outer fibers are under compressive stress and the inner fibers under tensile stress. In casehardened wood, these stresses persist even when the wood is dried to the target moisture content. In industry, the term casehardening can also refer to a very dry shell and wet core in softwood lumber.

A drying defect characterised by the presence of compression stresses in the outer zone and tensile stresses in the core. It occurs when rapid drying has caused permanent set of the outer zones of a piece of wood.

A condition of varying degrees of stress set in wood such that the outer wood fibers are under compressive stress and the inner fibers under tensile stress. These stresses persist when the wood is uniformly dry and can cause warping when the wood is resawn or machined.

The act or process of converting the surface of iron into steel.