level: Comprehensive (3) [ order by level] An important yet subtle concept that defines the limits within which individual teachers have latitude to teach specific subject matter. Contrary to popular opinion, it does not entitle one to teach whatever one feels like, but rather to explore different ways of presenting a given subject matter.

the freedom of teachers and students to express their ideas in school without religious or political or institutional restrictions

Academic freedom for the institution is a central element in institutional autonomy “to decide the content and forms of its education and research” or with the Magna Charta Universitatum: “its research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent of all political authority and intellectually independent of all political authority and economic power”. Academic freedom for the academic staff implies traditionally freedom to chose the subjects, directions and methods of their research and freedom to chose the contents and methods of their teaching as long as this freedom does not contradict legislation or infringe on other persons' rights or the rights of the institution, or with the Magna Charta: “Freedom in research and training is the fundamental principle of university life, and governments and universities, each as far as in them lies, must ensure respect for this fundamental requirement.